Where does the fate of transgenics come from agriculture? 

reports Mehr reporter , today to increase the agricultural production of some countries to cultivate transgenic . Most of the consumers of these products in Asia are importing after the necessary tests of the health of the products. Hossein Shirzad, an agricultural development expert, has explored the production process to the consumption of these products in different countries, which continues to consume transgenic in India .

Indian transgenic process

India formally recognized BT cotton (pest-resistant genetically modified cotton) as the only authorized genetic modified product in the country and 5 years After its approval for commercial cultivation in the year 5, more than 5 types of cotton seeds, belonging to dozens of seed companies, are now sold in the Indian market and local Indian species are not found anywhere.

However, after a few years after the introduction, Monsanto as the captain of this Technology to India has announced the failure of the first and second generation insecticide cotton among Indian vegetarians where the conflict is in conflict. pest desired, cream pink pink against pesticides produced by these traits, resistor Cotton data and failure transgenic in pest control caused suicide increase among cotton farmers due to increased seed costs, increased chemical inputs, and inadequate access to agricultural information. Became abundant; But it did not discourage India from more GMO investments.

India tried to commercialize BT Brinjal . BT eggplant clearance was met with strong resistance from people and forced the government Kurdish one-month public sessions Organize in the big cities of India. Stop distribution of eggplant bt finally applied in year 2.

In the Year 2 Report, the Parliamentary Agriculture Committee concluded that the products transgenic The solution is not the right thing for Indian food, agriculture, health and environment and various concerns about the potential effects and Real Its. But the BT eggplant promoters in India are not disappointed and after Bangladesh’s commercial release in year 2, they are again trying to get >

Following an attempt to commercialize the GM mustard has been followed by year 2. On May 6, the Genetic Engineering Confirmation Committee recommended this herbicide-resistant product . Mustard transgenic is a major threat to this rich biodiversity because more than 6,000 of the mustard And there are local indigenous races in India. To date, the GM’s mustard has not been approved for commercial cultivation; But despite parliament’s recommendations to stop all open farm tests, open-air test permits for transgenic up to 5 years Transient Food and non -food is issued across the country.

Transgenic opposition comments in India

Inability to monitor the proper monitoring of farm tests, replace its illegal pollution and implantation of products transgenic Data. Some illegal cultivation are illegal such as herbicid-resistant cotton, and extended more than 5 % of the total cotton cultivation area in India Is. An obvious case of GMO contamination was reported in June when the European Commission’s Rapid Commission Alert System announced that 5 tonnes of Indian rice had become a French flour by a French company.

They claim that these tests as well as illegal cultivation of HT cotton, BT eggplant and soybean transgenic Causes pollution or leak which eventually ends in farms and foods.

gmo is under pressure from all sections in India . In year 2, a study of the extensive illegal sale of imported foods transgenic showed in the country that /Span> Baby food, edible oil and snacks were packaged. On April 1, officials Indian food Indian food approved a draft of regulations that label mandatory labeling for “all food products with 2 % or more material Transfer ” prescribed.

Transgenic Label on Products

this was the first time that the Indian Government was instructions for labeling food Transgenic . However, labeling food with Transgenic 5 %, an illegal attempt to Introducing materials Food Transgenic in India was crawling through some kind of secrecy.

New draft of this Code in November, labeling requirements to one percent or more of the material Transient / exacerbated; But again, this draft is implemented material food transgenic and what The United States has years with bullying asking India to mean unlimited access and easy entry into cuisine transgenic in India facilitates violations of environmental regulations and dilute food labeling requirements in accordance with the order of the Indian Supreme Court.

Weakening GMO regulations in India also opened the way for new breeding techniques such as CRISPR and excluded these products from GMO ۲۰۱۹ rules. It is now treated with genome edited plants such as other plants.

eggplant transgenic which was rejected in India earlier this year, later in Bangladesh used He was placed and commercialized. The product was initially developed by company Hindi , this product through public-private partnership It was given to the Bari Agricultural Research Institute. The company then converted it into four local eggplant brands, with only two of which were approved for commercial supply in October.

eggplant Transgenic with a strong reaction from civil society, farmers and environmental activists exposed . It is said that for the development of eggplant BT, some companies have given intellectual property rights to 4 types of native eggplant without the knowledge of farmers or the general public. In First Business Cultivation Season in Year 2, several farmers who planted transgenic , but At the end of the crop season, due to poor performance and crop failure, they demanded a great deal of damage. Following the story of BT Eggplant in India, Bangladesh Test field limited gold rice at the Rice Research Institute its country Ended in early year 2.

Farm test multinational in farmers’ fields and a request for environmental safety and food assessment Golden rice was sent to the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment and Forests in November. Fans of the General Motors attempted to commercialize golden rice. Also Director General International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) travel to Bangladesh in Year 2, with the approval of this product by US, Australian, New Zealand regulatory agencies, Australia, New Zealand And Canada promoted golden rice. The statement was misleading and was to influence its trade clearance. Neither the Research Institute nor the Bangladeshi officials who were trying for gold rice did not inform people that the food regulators of these two countries, despite their safety confirmation, questioned the vitamin A in gold rice, claiming that the vitamin is very low. That cannot guarantee the requirement of nutritional content.

Vietnam’s agreements and opposition

But while all the looks were on GMOS, the genome editing in Bangladesh was progressing secretly and unlike GMO knowledge of gene editing among people and policymakers was relatively low. Discussions among the scientific community in Bangladesh show that in Bangladesh in year 6 with policy in the field of editing gene which is likely to be similar to India as the rules of edited gene products and excludes them from strict biological safety regulations.

Vietnam’s government entirely welcomed GMO and had a ambitious program of 5-5 % of agricultural land Cover their country by year 2.

Vietnam Rural Development and Rural Development Testing Seven species of corn TRANK Kurdish. By year 3, about 2 species transgenic corn and soybean were cultivated in Vietnam. But many Vietnamese disagreed with the expansion of GMOS in their country, especially given that the US-based multinational company is the same Monsanto It was the “orange agent” used by the US military during the Vietnam War.

GM-based activists claim to be commercially implantation of corn transgenic Monsanto , the date will be repeated, as it is accompanied by a toxic Roundup herbicide (or Glafocyte ). The Vietnamese believe that the orange chemical agent, 5 years after spray during the Vietnam War, is still present in infant water, soils and genes. However, the company that produces the chemical, despite still refusing to pay compensation to Vietnamese victims, has returned to cultivating transgenic .

General feelings against transgenics led Vietnam to review and verify the products transgenic To.

in an action that some see it a deceptive maneuver, in year 2, Vietnam Labeling Modern refined genetic food products compulsively made it up to consumers who care for fresh, dried and frozen foods and livestock food. Style = “Text-align: Justify”> Transient

.

in September, when the Ministry of Agriculture approved the product transgenic for feed, Things became more complicated. According to one study in year 2, about 5 out of 5 samples of 5 traditional and supermarket markets in the city of Vietnam including corn, soybeans, potatoes, rice, tomatoes and peas, food Transient reported.

Anyway, Vietnam has begun research on gene editing and developing / Span> is a genetic species of its local rice to be resistant to burn bacteria.

The Biotechnology Institute also used the CRISPR/CAS2 technique to produce soybeans. However, gene editing has not yet been regulated under any law and is attempted to edit generated gene products as non-rejected and advertised as plant species. / P>

Transgenations in Australia

is necessary to deal with Oceania’s situation slightly.

History promoting gmo in Australia indicates that from the beginning GM regulations always a fan of industry It has been. Before launching a gene technology regulator, Australians were concerned about the inability to select food without transgenic because imported foods transgenic were not tagged, however, GMOS was welcomed by research institutes, universities, public institutions, and of course by public organizations, and was promoted .

Government Organization in charge of scientific research in year 2, when permits for commercial release rapeseed Transgenic

, all state and regional governments, except Queensland and northern territory, Based on they declared their business and marketing concerns as GMO-free areas because they are major manufacturers of rapeseed Were non- Transgenic . This was the time when some Australian states also approved the suspension of commercial crops transgenic . However, the suspension of transgenic only applies to cultivate food crops transgenic and not for sale Processed foods of genetic modified products. But over time, GMO’s legal deadline began to collapse. Slowly, one after the other, the states decided to end their commercial cultivation and allowed in their territory. Until July 1, the prohibition on products transgenic was removed from Australia’s mainland.

Tasmani, Australia Capital and Kangaroo Island in Southern Australia are the only areas in the country still growing stop. Australia is one of the first GMO technologies in Asia and Oceania. By year 2, Australia had nearly 6,000 hectares of GMO products; Of course, the product is dominated by Australian farms: BT and HT (more than 2.5 % production) and safflower. Other Products transgenic who are cultivated by experimental farm are bananas, barley, mustard, cane and wheat.

Also from year 4 tests of rice, clover, corn, poppy, papaya , pineapple And the grapes have been done. Australia’s food standards (FSANZ) confirmed food derived from GMO rice on December 5. FSANZ safety assumptions were based on the data provided by IRRI and fans of the company. In year 2, several products transgenic other Basf (soybean), Monsanto (corn) And J.R. Confirmed SIMPLOT (potatoes). Also in May, FSANZ approved the sale and use of food from the genetic correction of drought -resistant wheat and herbicides developed by the Argentine Bioceres Crop. now in Australia and New Zealand, imported processed foods with content transgenic more than 1 The percentage must be obtained and tagged, while food-derived animal-derived food that is fed with transgenic , as a Transgenic is not considered and not required.

FSANZ reports that GM labeling is not about safety, but about helping consumers to make informed selection of foods they buy.

to strive for promoting ‘s biotechnology and new reform techniques worldwide, in year 6 Australia issued a joint statement with Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Paraguay and the United States and supported the elimination of global barriers to agricultural biotechnology trade. Also in year 4, Australia made a major review of its gene technology laws to provide clarity in new biotechnology regulations. finally , decided that all plants and foods produced using new transgenic techniques, without any safety, evaluation, labeling or after-sales surveillance test Become food system.

During the Australian federal election in year 6, a civil society group called for an email campaign to ask MPs, senators or local candidates in their Ask the effects of life and death of genetically edited organisms on foods, farms, health and the environment. They criticized that the definition of genetically modified products in the law and regulations of gene technology has been intentionally expanded with the anticipation of technologies such as gene editing.

Final Speech

while the world is facing the worse of the food crisis -the third time in 5 years Past – Different analysis shows that we are facing a food price crisis, not a lack of food. Farmers around the world are struggling with two -fold increase and even three times the price of inputs, especially chemical fertilizers.

consumers cannot afford food coil costs, as the global food price has increased by 4.9 percent over the past two years and is expected to be expected to To increase further.

commercialization of genetically modified products and Promoting and GMOS deregulation regulations around the world A period of severe food crisis does not have a good promise. A threat to escalating inequality, unforeseen contaminants, and greater help to lose people’s food.

یکی از دلایل اصلی که صدها میلیون نفر علیرغم پیشرفت‌های احتمالی در فناوری گیاهان اعلام می‌کنند، ناامنی غذایی در نتیجه بحران آب و هوا است که منجر به بحران غذایی می‌شود.

اقدام اقلیمی خواستار کاهش کشاورزی مبتنی بر سوخت فسیلی، دور شدن از کشاورزی شیمیایی و آلودگی ژرم پلاسم است. در این برهه تاریخی شرکت‌های بزرگ می‌خواهند روش‌های انقلاب سبز را از طریق محصولات تراریخته گسترش دهند که عمدتاً برای کنترل زمین، غذا و کشاورزی از دست مردم طراحی شده‌اند. این محصولات سودآور که به‌عنوان نوشدارویی در پشت بسیاری از مشکلات بشریت از جمله گرسنگی، تغییرات آب و هوایی، فقر، سوءتغذیه و موارد دیگر پنهان شده‌اند؛ به جای کار بر روی راه حل‌هایی که هزینه‌ها را کاهش می‌دهد، یا دسترسی و تغذیه سالم را افزایش دهد، شرکت‌های جهانی و حامیان آنها در دولت‌ها و فناوری‌های کشاورزی گران قیمت و ناپایدار را پیش می‌برند. در حالی که تعداد گرسنگان در سراسر جهان در دو سال گذشته تقریباً دو برابر شده است، شرکت‌های آمریکایی چندملیتی مواد غذایی و کشاورزی همزمان میلیاردها دلار سود حبابی به دست آورده‌اند.

کاسبان کرونا و میلیاردرهای درگیر در بخش غذا و تجارت کشاورزی شاهد افزایش ثروت خود به میزان ۳۸۲ میلیارد دلار (۴۵ درصد) در دو سال گذشته بوده‌اند که نشان دهنده چگونگی بهره برداری شرکت‌های چند ملیتی و سود مستقیم از این بحران است. مثلاً در میان این شرکت‌ها، Syngenta در سه ماهه اول سال ۲۰۲۲ معادل ۸.۹ میلیارد دلار سود دریافت کرد (افزایش ۲۶ درصدی سود سالانه).

کشاورزان برخی از کشورهای آسیایی و اروپایی در اعتراض به اشکال کشاورزی صنعتی و منافع شرکت‌های بین‌المللی آمریکایی در پشت ترویج تراریخته‌ها و نسخه‌های بدیع آن‌ها اعتراض می‌کنند و نیز در چنین فضایی، بذرهای تراریخته در انحصار ۱۰ شرکت بزرگ چندملیتی قرار دارد.

تمام این مباحث در حال حاضر در مرکز بحران قیمت مواد غذایی قرار دارند و هنوز مشخص نیست فرجام این پیکار به کجا راه می‌برد.